Os Direitos Humanos na Fenomenologia Política de Emmanuel Levinas

Autores

  • Christopher Eland Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

Palavras-chave:

Levinas, Direitos Humanos, Fenomenologia, Sociabilidade, Metodologia

Resumo

O presente artigo procura estabelecer como o método fenomenológico de Levinas se envolve diretamente com a esfera política, especificamente como ele chega a um conceito de direitos humanos derivado de uma fenomenologia da responsabilidade ética para com o outro. Levinas estabelece sua ruptura com a fenomenologia tradicional como uma tentativa de descrever fenomenologicamente a sociabilidade bíblica no cerne da subjetividade humana. Isso quer dizer, Levinas rejeita a ortodoxia da autonomia na filosofia ocidental e tenta descrever a subjetividade humana em termos distintamente sociopolíticos. O projeto filosófico de Levinas pode ser pensado como uma tentativa de traduzir a sociabilidade bíblica para a língua "grega" da filosofia através do método da descrição fenomenológica. Isso o leva a um conceito de direitos humanos que não está fundamentado nas afirmações de interesse próprio dos portadores de direitos ou na liberdade autônoma do liberalismo clássico, mas sim na obrigação ética de respeitar os direitos dos outros.

This article seeks to establish how Levinas"™s phenomenological method engages directly with the political sphere, specifically how he arrives at a concept of human rights derived from a phenomenology of ethical responsibility for the other. Levinas establishes his break with traditional phenomenology as an attempt to phenomenologically account for the sociality at the heart of human subjectivity. This is to say, Levinas rejects the orthodoxy of autonomy in western philosophy and attempts to describe human subjectivity in distinctly socio-political terms. Levinas"™s philosophical project can be thought of as an attempt to translate biblical sociality into the "Greek" language of philosophy through phenomenological description. This leads him to a concept of human rights which is not based on the self-interested claims of rightsholders or the autonomous liberty of classical liberalism, but rather in the ethical obligation to respect the rights of the other.

Biografia do Autor

Christopher Eland, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

Mestrando Programa de Pós-graduação em Direitos Humanos "“ UFPE

Bacharelado em Filosofia, University of North Carolina at Asheville, EUA

Referências

BERNASCONI, Robert, and WOOD, David (org.). The Provocation of Levinas. London: Routledge, 1988.

BURGGRAEVE, Roger. The Wisdom of Love in the Service of Love: Emmanuel Levinas on Justice, Peace and Human Rights. Trans. Jeffrey Bloechl. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2002.

COHEN, Richard A. ""˜Political Monotheism"™: Levinas on Politics, Ethics, and Religion." In Essays in Celebration of the Founding of the Organization of Phenomenological Organizations. Eds Chan-Fai Cheung, Ivan Chvatik, Ion Copoeru, Lester Embree, Julia Irbarne, and Hans Rainer Sepp. Organization of Phenomenological Organizations, 2003.

CRITCHLEY, Simon and BERNASCONI, Robert (org.). The Cambridge Companion to Levinas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

CRITCHLEY, Simon. The Problem with Levinas. Ed. Alexis Dianda. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

GORDON, Peter E.. Continental Divide: Heidegger, Cassirer, Davos. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2014.

HEIDEGGER, Martin. Ser e Tempo: Parte I. Tradução Marcia Sá Cavalcante Schuback. 15º Edição, Petrópolis: Editoria Vozes, 2005.

HOROWITZ, Asher, and HOROWITZ, Gad (Eds). Difficult Justice: Commentaries on Levinas and Politics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006.

HUSSERL, Edmund. Pure Phenomenology: Its Method And Its Field Of Investigation: Inaugural Lecture at Freiburg im Breisgau (1917) http://religiousstudies.stanford.edu/WWW/Sheehan/pdf/5_husserls_texts_online/5-%201917%20HUSSERLINAUGURAL%20ADDRESS.pdf (Accessed 12-22-2015)

LEVINAS, Emmanuel. Alterity and Transcendence. Trans. Michael B. Smith. London: Athlone Press, 1999.

LEVINAS, Emmanuel. Discovering Existence with Husserl and Heidegger. Trans. Richard A. Cohen and Michael B. Smith. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1998a.

LEVINAS, Emmanuel. Ethics and Infinity: Conversations with Philippe Nemo. Trans. Richard A. Cohen. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1985.

LEVINAS, Emmanuel. Is it Righteous to Be?: Interviews with Emmanuel Levinas. Org. Jill ROBBINS, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.

LEVINAS, Emmanuel. Totalidade e Infinito. Tradução José Pinto Ribeiro. Lisboa: Edições 70, 1980

LEVINAS, Emmanuel. Totalité et Infini: Essai sur L"™extériorité. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1971.

LOCKE, John. Two Treatises of Government. Ed. Peter Laslett. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960.

MERLEAU-PONTY, Maurice. Phenomenology of Perception. Trans. Colin Smith. London: Routledge, 2003.

PEPERZAK, Adriaan, CRITCHLEY, Simon, and BERNASCONI, Robert (Eds). Emmanuel Levinas: Basic Philosophical Writings. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996.

SCHRODER, Brian, and BENSO, Silvia (org.). Levinas and the Ancients. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008.

THOMPSON, Kevin and EMBREE, Lester (org.). Phenomenology of the Political. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2000.

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Publicado

2016-09-08

Como Citar

Eland, C. (2016). Os Direitos Humanos na Fenomenologia Política de Emmanuel Levinas. Revista Café Com Sociologia, 5(2), 98–112. Recuperado de http://revistacafecomsociologia.com/revista/index.php/revista/article/view/610

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